Orthographic learning in dyslexic Spanish children     

Paz Suárez-Coalla  Sara Ramos  Marta Álvarez-Cañizo  Fernando Cuetos 《Annals of dyslexia》2014,64(2):166-181

Reading fluency is one of the basic processes of learning to read. Children begin to develop fluency when they are able to form orthographic representations of words, which provide direct, smooth, and fast reading. Dyslexic children of transparent orthographic systems are mainly characterized by poor reading fluency (Cuetos & Suárez-Coalla 2009; Spinelli, De Luca, Di Filippo, Mancini, Martelli, & Zoccolotti, 2005; Wimmer, 1993). Therefore, the main problem for these children could be the difficulty in developing orthographic representations of the words they read. The aim of this study was to test the ability of dyslexic Spanish-speaking children (whose native language is Spanish) to develop orthographic representations and determine if the context helps them. For this, two experiments were conducted with a group of 100 children, 7–12 years of age. The groups were comprised of 20 dyslexics, 40 chronological age-matched controls and 40 reading level-matched controls. In the first experiment, eight unfamiliar words (four short and four long) were presented six times within the context of a story. In the second experiment, eight pseudowords were presented on a computer and the children had to read them aloud. In both experiments, the reading and articulation times of experimental and control stimuli were compared, before and after the training. Children without dyslexia showed a decrease of the influence of length of word on reading speed, indicating a lexical reading, while for dyslexic children, the influence of length remained unchanged. These results appeared when the stimuli were presented in the context of a story as well as when presented in isolation. In short, our results describe that dyslexic children of transparent orthographic systems have problems in developing orthographic representations of words.  相似文献   

School Schedules Affect Sleep Timing in Children and Contribute to Partial Sleep Deprivation     

Tâmile Stella Anacleto  Taísa Adamowicz  Laura Simões da Costa Pinto  Fernando Mazzilli Louzada 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2014,8(4):169-174

Although the environmental light/dark cycle is the main zeitgeber for the human species, the social cues seem to be important in the synchronization of circadian rhythms. In Brazil, the existence of two school schedules—one with only morning classes (MG) and other with only afternoon classes (AG)—allows the investigation of the effect of school activities on light exposure and sleep/wake patterns in children. Forty‐seven children wore wrist actimeters for a week for registration of light and sleep data. MG children presented shorter sleep duration on school days than the children from the AG. The results showed that during school days MG children were exposed to bright light earlier in the morning when compared to AG children. Nevertheless, there were no differences in light exposure after sunset. The results reflect the role of school schedules and artificial light in shaping light exposure, and its association with sleep timing in children.  相似文献   

Reading strategies in Spanish developmental dyslexics     

Suárez-Coalla P  Cuetos F 《Annals of dyslexia》2012,62(2):71-81

Cross-linguistic studies suggest that the orthographic system determines the reading performance of dyslexic children. In opaque orthographies, the fundamental feature of developmental dyslexia is difficulty in reading accuracy, whereas slower reading speed is more common in transparent orthographies. The aim of the current study was to examine the extent to which different variables of words affect reaction times and articulation times in developmental dyslexics. A group of 19 developmental dyslexics of different ages and an age-matched group of 19 children without reading disabilities completed a word naming task. The children were asked to read 100 nouns that differed in length, frequency, age of acquisition, imageability, and orthographic neighborhood. The stimuli were presented on a laptop computer, and the responses were recorded using DMDX software. We conducted analyses of mixed-effects models to determine which variables influenced reading times in dyslexic children. We found that word naming skills in dyslexic children are affected predominantly by length, while in non-dyslexics children the principal variable is the age of acquisition, a lexical variable. These findings suggest that Spanish-speaking developmental dyslexics use a sublexical procedure for reading words, which is reflected in slower speed when reading long words. In contrast, normal children use a lexical strategy, which is frequently observed in readers of opaque languages.  相似文献   

Identifying the information management process and knowledge creation in technology-based companies: a Brazilian comparative case study     

Vick  Thais Elaine  Nagano  Marcelo Seido  Santos  Fernando César Almada 《知识管理研究与实践》2013,11(3):278-287

Knowledge Management Research & Practice - Information and knowledge have been cited over the last two decades as competitive advantage tools. Recently, the use of them has been discussed to...  相似文献   

The action workflow approach to workflow management technology     

Raúl Medina‐Mora  Terry Winograd  Rodrigo Flores  Fernando Flores 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):391-404

Abstract

This paper describes the ActionWorkflow? approach to workflow management technology: a design methodology and associated computer software for the support of work in organizations. The approach is based on theories of communicative activity as language/action, developed in a series of systems for coordination among users of networked computers. This article describes the approach, gives an example of its application, and shows the architecture of a workflow management system based on it.  相似文献   

The democratic dilemma     

Fernando Hernandez 《Journal of Educational Change》2009,10(4):397-400

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对葡萄牙年轻乒乓球运动员训练结构的研究     

Fernando Malheiro 《体育科研》2005,26(3):37-43,58

从乒乓球国际比赛的情况看,近两年来葡萄牙乒乓球运动员人数显著增加,并且技术水平也明显提高.1996年在巴黎举行的欧洲青年乒乓球锦标赛上,葡萄牙运动员在乒乓球运动史上首次拿到了一枚个人项目的铜牌,实现历史性的突破.从这以后,葡萄牙运动员又多次在国际乒乓球赛事上获得奖牌.然而,如果以20世纪90年代或21世纪初期的情况作参照,不难看出,年轻运动员的技术水平要达到具有取得这样成绩的技术水平还相差得很远.因而,本文在深入调查和了解葡萄牙乒乓球联合会各训练中心年轻乒乓球运动员的训练结构基础上,分析这些训练方式方法是否促进这些年轻运动员协调、快速发展,并在成年时代达到最佳运动技术水平.研究方法本文通过对葡萄牙乒乓球联合会3个训练中心2002至2003年赛季的训练工作的记录文件进行整理,采用文献资料法、调查法、统计法、对比分析的方法进行了研究.主要结果研究分析可知,要使这些年轻运动员在成年时代达到顶尖级水平,这些训练量是不够的;教练员在给运动员的训练安排中主要以技术训练、战术训练和身体素质训练为主,并把重点放在了技、战术的结合方面,其结果还表明运动员在心理因素的训练方面极为不足.另外,在技术、战术、身体素质以及心理训练等各子项的具体内容安排方面也与现代乒乓球运动所要求的特点不相符合.  相似文献   

Achieving scientific excellence: An exploratory study of the role of emotional and motivational factors     

Liliana S. Araújo  José Fernando A. Cruz  Leandro S. Almeida 《High Ability Studies》2017,28(2):249-264

This study investigates the perceived role of psychological factors in achieving excellence in scientific research. Six outstanding scientists aged 33–42 were interviewed. Data were analyzed inductively resulting in three main dimensions: personality traits and characteristics, psychological skills and processes, and task-specific strategies. Researchers highlighted the importance of emotional factors and motivational processes to achieve and sustain scientific excellence. Flexible coping, emotion regulation, and goal setting were emphasized and described as particularly important in dealing with rejections, setbacks, and team management issues. Persistence and adaptive perfectionism were key individual characteristics which helped participants in nurturing and sustaining motivation. This study suggests that the specific impact of emotional, motivational, and other psychological skills at different stages of excellence development is relevant; yet, further investigation is needed.  相似文献   

Spanish savings banks: a view on intangibles     

Carlos?Serrano-CincaEmail author  Cecillo?MarMoliero  Fernando?Chaparro 《知识管理研究与实践》2004,2(2):103-117

We study Spanish savings banks from the point of view of their efficiency, transparency in the disclosure of financial information through the net, and the provision of electronic banking services. Performance indicators are developed using data envelopment analysis and the tools of multivariate statistical analysis. The choice of indicators is framed within the theory of intangible assets. An attempt is made rank savings banks according to their level of achievement in each indicator. Savings banks are shown to be classified into four groups according to the level of achievement in the indicators of transparency and e-service. The relationship between efficiency and profitability is also discussed.  相似文献   

Model-based control design for H2 purity regulation in high-pressure alkaline electrolyzers     

Martín David  Fernando Bianchi  Carlos Ocampo-Martinez  Ricardo Sánchez-Peña 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2021,358(8):4373-4392

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